Moniem Tech - "Non-Stand Alone" (NSA) architecture, where the 5G Radio Access Network (AN), also called New Radio (NR) is used in conjunction with the existing LTE and EPC infrastructure Core Network (
![Figure 1 from A Scalable and Flexible Radio Access Network Architecture for Fifth Generation Mobile Networks | Semantic Scholar Figure 1 from A Scalable and Flexible Radio Access Network Architecture for Fifth Generation Mobile Networks | Semantic Scholar](https://d3i71xaburhd42.cloudfront.net/1cec1337847ba92ff12a2c83d62831a0649b699d/2-Figure1-1.png)
Figure 1 from A Scalable and Flexible Radio Access Network Architecture for Fifth Generation Mobile Networks | Semantic Scholar
4G Architecture [2] The Radio Access Network is specified as the EUTRAN... | Download Scientific Diagram
![LTE radio access network structure (a) without RN and (b) with RN in... | Download Scientific Diagram LTE radio access network structure (a) without RN and (b) with RN in... | Download Scientific Diagram](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231181690/figure/fig1/AS:300366559236101@1448624376725/LTE-radio-access-network-structure-a-without-RN-and-b-with-RN-in-urban-zone.png)
LTE radio access network structure (a) without RN and (b) with RN in... | Download Scientific Diagram
![An example of an LTE network with a physical Radio Access Network (RAN)... | Download Scientific Diagram An example of an LTE network with a physical Radio Access Network (RAN)... | Download Scientific Diagram](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261024717/figure/fig1/AS:296849610166276@1447785870429/An-example-of-an-LTE-network-with-a-physical-Radio-Access-Network-RAN-and-two-Core.png)
An example of an LTE network with a physical Radio Access Network (RAN)... | Download Scientific Diagram
![Typical LTE-A radio access network in urban area. (a) without RN (b)... | Download Scientific Diagram Typical LTE-A radio access network in urban area. (a) without RN (b)... | Download Scientific Diagram](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275951173/figure/fig1/AS:613872947965976@1523370124958/Typical-LTE-A-radio-access-network-in-urban-area-a-without-RN-b-with-RN.png)
Typical LTE-A radio access network in urban area. (a) without RN (b)... | Download Scientific Diagram
![Toward 5G cloud radio access network: An energy and latency perspective - Bassoli - 2021 - Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies - Wiley Online Library Toward 5G cloud radio access network: An energy and latency perspective - Bassoli - 2021 - Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies - Wiley Online Library](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/08926e6b-d88a-42ba-949d-e61b6d583cf4/ett3669-fig-0001-m.jpg)